India's public finance management has always presented a dichotomy where on one hand several welfare programmes remain under-budgeted and states remain under-resourced, while at the same time, there are crores of rupees lying unspent in bank accounts. While there is no systematic way of fully estimating the figures, and often cited estimated states that at least 1 trillion rupees lay as float in government bank accounts. To understand this dichotomy and delve into new innovations that can solve some of the challenges in the current design of India's Public Finance Management system, we spoke with Dr. Santhosh Mathew, Country Lead Public Policy and Finance, Bill and Melinda Gates foundation and a former IAS officer.