Since October 2014, the Government of India has worked towards the goal of eliminating open defecation by 2019 through the Swachh Bharat Mission. In June 2014, the results of a survey of rural sanitation behaviour in North India were first reported. The results from a late 2018 survey that revisited households from the 2014 survey in four states—Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh—are presented. Although rural latrine ownership increased considerably over this period, open defecation remains very common in these four states. There is substantial heterogeneity across states in what the SBM did and how. These outcomes suggest the need for a transparent, fact-based public dialogue about the SBM, its costs and benefits, and its accomplishments and means.
Sector Scheme Level: Sanitation
Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin
The Swachh Bharat Mission- Gramin or SBM-G is the Government of India’s (GoI’s) flagship rural sanitation programme run by the Ministry of Jal Shakti (MJS).
Using government data, this brief reports on trends for SBM-G along the following parameters:
■ Allocations and expenditures;
■ Physical progress of toilets built;
■ Expenditures incurred under Information, Education, and Communication (IEC);
■ Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) activities; and
■ Coverage and Open Defecation Free (ODF) status.
Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban
The Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban (SBM-U) is the Government of India’s (GoI) flagship programme targeting universal sanitation coverage in urban areas.
Using government data, this brief reports on:
■ Allocations, releases, and expenditures;
■ Progress on toilets built;
■ Progress on Solid Waste Management (SWM);
■ Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, and;
■ ODF+, ODF++ and garbage free cities.
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National Rural Drinking Water Mission (NRDWM)
In FY 2017-18, the National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) was expanded and is now known as the National Rural Drinking Water Mission (NRDWM). It is Government of India’s (GoI) flagship rural drinking water mission to provide safe and adequate water for drinking, cooking, and other domestic needs on a sustainable basis.
Using government reported data, this brief reports on:
■ Allocations for NRDWM,
■ Releases and expenditures,
■ Component-wise trends, and
■ Progress on coverage.
Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM-G)
The Swachh Bharat Mission- Gramin or SBM-G is the Government of India’s (GoI) flagship rural sanitation programme.
Using government data, this brief reports on trends for SBM-G along the following parameters:
■ Allocations and expenditures,
■ Physical progress of toilets built,
■ Expenditures incurred under Information, Education and Communication (IEC), and Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) activities, and
■ Coverage and Open Defecation Free (ODF) status
Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U)
The Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban (SBM-U) is the Government of India’s (GoI) flagship programme targeting universal sanitation coverage in urban areas.
Using government data, this brief reports on:
■ Allocations, releases, and expenditures,
■ State-wise and component wise trends in releases,
■ Progress on toilets built,
■ Progress on Solid Waste Management (SWM), and
■ Open Defecation Free (ODF) status.
Swachh Bharat Mission -Gramin GoI, 2019-20 (Pre-Budget)
Swachh Bharat MissionGramin or SBM-G is the Government of India’s (GoI) flagship rural sanitation programme.
Using government data, this brief reports on trends for SBM-G along the following parameters:
■ Allocations and expenditures from GoI share
■ Physical progress of toilets built
■ Expenditures incurred under Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) activities from the GoI share
■ Coverage and open defecation (OD)
Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin (SBM-G) (Post-Interim Budget)
The Swachh Bharat MissionGramin or SBM-G is the Government of India’s (GoI’s) flagship rural sanitation programme. Using government data, this brief reports on trends for SBM-G along the following parameters: ■ Allocations and expenditures from GoI share ■ Physical progress of toilets built ■ Expenditures incurred under Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) activities from the GoI share ■ Coverage and Open Defecation (OD)
Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) (Post-Interim Budget)
The Swachh Bharat MissionUrban (SBM-U) is the Government of India’s (GoI’s) flagship programme targeting universal sanitation coverage in urban areas. Using government data, this brief reports on: ■ Allocations, releases, and expenditures ■ State-wise and component wise trends in releases ■ Progress on toilets built ■ Progress on Solid Waste Management (SWM), and ■ Open Defecation Free (ODF) status